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alcohols
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alcohols - breaking the R-OH bond - elimination of water using heat
alcohols - breaking the RO-H bond - esterification
alcohols - breaking the RO-H bond - reaction with sodium
alcohols - breaking the RO-H bond - with acyl chlorides
alcohols - breaking the R-OH bond - with hydrogen halide
alcohols - breaking the R-OH bond - with phosphorus and iodine
alcohols - breaking the R-OH bond with PCl5
alcohols - classificationalcohols - elimination of water - mechanism
alcohols - elimination of water using concentrated acid
alcohols - halogenation with hydrochloric acid & ZnCl2 catalyst
alcohols - oxidationalcohols - structure
alcohols - triiodomethane reaction
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alkanes |
alkanes – combustion
alkanes – free radical substitution
alkanes – free radical substitution - bromination - exercise
alkanes – free radical substitution - chain reaction
alkanes – free radical substitution - chlorination
alkanes – free radical substitution - summary
alkanes – fuels – acid rain
alkanes – fuels – air pollution
alkanes – fuels – catalytic converter
alkanes – fuels - cracking alkanes for fuel
alkanes - fuels - isomerisation of alkanes for fuel
alkanes – fuels - octane rating
alkanes – fuels - supply and demand
alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature
alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - exercise
alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - longest chain
alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - numbering
alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - parent name
alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - substituents
alkanes – reactions: chlorination of methane
alkanes - structure - homologous series
alkenes - addition of bromine
alkenes - addition of bromine - mechanism
alkenes - addition of hydrogen
alkenes - addition of hydrogen - fats
alkenes - addition of hydrogen halide
alkenes - addition of hydrogen halide - Markovnikovs rule
alkenes - addition of hydrogen halide - mechanism
alkenes - addition of water
alkenes - addition polymerisation
alkenes - IUPAC nomenclature
alkenes - IUPAC nomenclature - exercise - cis and trans
alkenes - oxidation
alkenes - structure - homologous series
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amides |
amides - form amines with
bromine
amides - hydrolysis
amides - in aqueous alkali
amides - mechanisms
amides - nomenclature
amides - physical properties
amides - reduction
amides - reduction
amides – structure
amides - with phosphorus (V) oxide and bromine
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amines |
amines – acting as
bases
amines - boiling temperature
amines - classification
amines - complex ions
amines - coupling reaction
amines – form amides with acyl chlorides
amines - making amines - ammonia and halogenoalkanes
amines - making amines - reduction of nitriles
amines - making amines - reduction of nitro compounds
amines - nomenclature
amines - solubility
amines - structure
amines – with nitrous acid
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amino acids |
amino acids - acids and
bases
amino acids - form a peptide
amino acids - hydrogen bonding
amino acids - hydrolysis of a peptide
amino acids – optical activity
amino acids – structure
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analysis and detection
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analysis and detection
– high resolution NMR
analysis and detection - IR spec
analysis and detection – low resolution NMR
analysis and detection – mass spectrometer
analysis and detection – mass spectrometry - exercise
analysis and detection – mass spectrometry - fragments
analysis and detection – NMR - exercise
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arenes |
arenes - directing effect
of substituents
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - bromination
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - chlorination
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - examples
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - Friedel - Crafts acylation
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - Friedel - Crafts alkylation
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - nitration
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - sulfonation
arenes - evidence against Kékule’s structure;
arenes - hybridisation - bonding in benzene;
arenes - introduction - benzene
arenes – IUPAC nomenclature
arenes - methylbenzene - activating and deactivating substituents
arenes - methylbenzene - chlorination of side chain
arenes - methylbenzene - oxidation of side chain
arenes - methylbenzene compared with benzene
arenes - nitration
arenes - nomenclature - monosubstituted derivatives
arenes - nomenclature - more than one substituent
arenes - phenol - acidity
arenes - phenol - reaction of the ring - bromination
arenes - phenol - reaction of the ring - nitration
arenes - phenol - reactions of - OH; esterification
arenes - phenol - reactions of - OH; sodium and sodium hydroxide
arenes - phenol - test using iron(III) chloride
arenes - physical properties - melting and boiling points
arenes - physical properties - solubility
arenes - potassium manganate(VII)
arenes - structure
arenes - structure - exercise
arenes - structure of benzene
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bonding - hybridisation
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bonding - hybridisation -
bonding in benzene
bonding - hybridisation - bonding in ethene
bonding - hybridisation - bonding in ethyne
bonding - hybridisation - bonding in methane
bonding - hybridisation - carbon: electron configuration
bonding - hybridisation - carbon: excited state electron configuration
bonding - hybridisation - methane - sp3
bonding - hybridisation - sp
bonding - hybridisation - sp2
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carbohydrates |
carbohydrates –
disaccharides
carbohydrates – monosaccharides
carbohydrates – polysaccharides
carbohydrates – polysaccharides – hydrolysis
carbohydrates – reducing sugars – Fehling’s test
carbohydrates – α & β glucose
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carbon compounds |
carbon compounds –
alkanes – boiling points
carbon compounds - reforming alkanes for fuel
carbon compounds – thermal cracking of alkanes
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carbonyl compounds |
carbonyl compounds
– bonding
carbonyl compounds - carbon - oxygen double bond
carbonyl compounds – condensation reaction
carbonyl compounds - nomenclature
carbonyl compounds - nucleophilic addition
carbonyl compounds - oxidation
carbonyl compounds - polarity
carbonyl compounds - polyesters
carbonyl compounds – reduction
carbonyl compounds - susceptibility to reaction
carbonyl compounds - tests - Fehling's solution
carbonyl compounds - tests - Tollen's reagent
carbonyl compounds - triiodomethane
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carboxylic acids |
carboxylic acids –
acid derivatives
carboxylic acids – compared with phenol & ethanol
carboxylic acids - dimerisation
carboxylic acids - dissociation
carboxylic acids – exercise – acidity of chloroacids
carboxylic acids – form acyl chloride
carboxylic acids – form esters
carboxylic acids – form esters - mechanism
carboxylic acids – form salts
carboxylic acids – making and breaking esters
carboxylic acids – resonance and bonding
carboxylic acids – saponification
carboxylic acids – strength
carboxylic acids – structure - exercise
carboxylic acids – structure
carboxylic acids acid chlorides – structure
carboxylic acids acid chlorides – with alcohols
carboxylic acids acid chlorides – with ammonia
carboxylic acids acid chlorides – with nucleophile
carboxylic acids acid chlorides – with primary amines
carboxylic acids acid chlorides – with water
carboxylic acids from alcohols and aldehydes
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cycloalkanes |
| cycloalkanes - structure |
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DNA |
DNA – base pairs
and nucleotides
DNA – nucleic acids – model
DNA – nucleic acids – structure
DNA – transcription to mRNA
DNA – translation of mRNA to make protein
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fuels |
fuels - formation of oil
fuels - fractional distillation
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halogenoalkanes |
halogenoalkanes –
chlorofluoroalkanes
halogenoalkanes – depletion of the ozone layer
halogenoalkanes – elimination or substitution
halogenoalkanes - IUPAC nomenclature
halogenoalkanes – rate of hydrolysis
halogenoalkanes - structure
halogenoalkanes – substitution
halogenoalkanes – substitution reactions – SN1
halogenoalkanes – substitution reactions – SN2
halogenoalkanes – substitution reactions – why not SN2?
halogenoalkanes – substitution reactions – why SN1? - exercise
halogenoalkanes – the carbon - halogen bond
halogenoalkanes –classification
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hydrocarbons |
| hydrocarbons -
introduction |
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isomerism |
isomerism -
stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism
isomerism - stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism - bond rotation
isomerism - stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism - restricted rotation
isomerism - stereoisomerism - optical isomerism
isomerism - stereoisomerism - optical isomerism - chiral carbon
isomerism - stereoisomerism - optical isomerism - optical activity
isomerism - structural isomerism – chain isomerism
isomerism - structural isomerism - exercise
isomerism - structural isomerism – functional group isomerism
isomerism - structural isomerism - position isomerism
isomerism- stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism - exercises
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nitriles |
nitriles - making
nitriles
nitriles - physical properties
nitriles - reduction
nitriles - structure
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polymers |
polymers – addition
& condensation
polymers – addition polymers
polymers - bakelite - phenol
polymers – condensation polymers
polymers – elastomer
polymers - making nylon - phenol
polymers – natural polymers - rubber
polymers – polyalkenes - stereoisomers
polymers - polyamides
polymers – proteins - wool
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proteins |
proteins – enzymes
– effect of pH
proteins – enzymes – effect of substrate concentration
proteins – enzymes – effect of temperature
proteins - enzymes – induced fit
proteins – enzymes – inhibitors
proteins - primary structure
proteins – quaternary structure – dynamics
proteins – quaternary structure - haemoglobin
proteins - secondary structure
proteins – secondary structure - exercise
proteins – secondary structure - interactions
proteins – secondary structure – ionic or salt bridges
proteins – tertiary structure – hydrophobic groups
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reactions |
reactions – addition
elimination
reactions – electrophilic addition
reactions - electrophilic substitution
reactions – elimination
reactions – free radical substitution
reactions – nucleophilic substitution
reactions - organic synthesis – exercise
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